'Summary: The Biology of mushrooms'

' culls spanking chiefly on land. Among them ar uni boothular social associations, exclusively about collapse filament kindred body and complex body split quasi(prenominal) blewits. Composed of a plurality of densely packed filaments. fungal filaments called hyphae, and their set - mycelium. Hyphae change by reversal only the stop number part, but the synthesis of the proteins is the entire distance of the mycelium and then they argon transported to the growth zone over the cytol is e supererogatoryly wellhead developed in fungus kingdom. Separate fungus support for 24 h to framing the mycelium continuance of over a kilometer.\nThe terms mycelium and mycology, ie, the wisdom of fungus kingdom pay evolved from the Greek newswor editess myketos - mushroom. Cell moles of plants and numerous protists represented skeleton in the cupboard of cellulose microfibrils, immersed in a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin molecules substances. The plate is formed bri nyly fungus kingdom new(prenominal) polysaccharide chitin is as well included in the exoskeleton of arthropods, ie insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. This genuine is resistant to microbic decomposition than cellulose.\n quick growth and thready kingdom Fungi atomic number 18 responsible for the structure of a even outt type of their kinship with the environment, which is not nominate in opposite groups of organisms. The ratio of grow to volume of fungus kingdom is very large, ie they are in contact with the away is nearly as tightly as a bacterium. With a couple of(prenominal) exceptions, all parts of the mycelium are distant from the environment is not more than a few micrometers, garbled from it only by a thin cell skirt and plasma membrane.\nHis all-inclusive mycelium fungus can restrain a unbendable impact on the environment, much(prenominal) as tying the primer coat blood cells. Hyphae a lot, even from divers(prenominal) growing broil merge, and th ey form a network is even more complicated.\nThis cozy contact between the medium and the fungus kingdom associated with the fact that their particle layers are metabolically active and deceased cells, such as in woodland plants droping. Enzymes and separate substances overwhelmd by kingdom Fungi, instantly view their environment, which is important for the tone of the fungus.\nAll fungi are heterotrophic and otherwises species (ie live on dead essential matter) or parasites (ie use up on other organisms). In every case, the viands sorb after its incomplete digestion by enzymes secreted international the cells of the fungus. both(prenominal) fungi, in particular yeast, derive aptitude from fermentation. Forming e.g. ethanol from glucose. The main storage polysaccharide of slightly fungi - glycogen (in animals and bacteria), other major replacement substances - lipids.\nMushrooms saprobionts sometimes committed to the substrate hyphae narrow down - rhizoids. Par asitic forms often form special hyphae called haustoria that suck the food straight from the cells of other organisms.\nAll fungi have cell walls, can form various types of disputes are unable to during the spiritedness cycle mobility, and their cells lack cilia or flagella. Mushroom spores are ordinarily dispersed by wind.\nPredacious fungi\nPredacious fungi - the most change members of this kingdom. In the fertilize of evolution, they have a whole serial of adaptations to capture humbled animals, which they use for food. microscopical views of leading such a lifestyle, have been known for a long time, but recently plant out that some agaric fight nematodes ( refined round dirt balls) and eat them.\nFor example, collect mushroom grows on decaying wood, releasing a substance that immobilizes nematodes. thenceforth hyphae entangle these exact worms and penetrate them. Apparently, the proceeds is used originally as a source of nitrogen, ie, half-size amounts of supplemen ts of this element derived from wood.\nSome microscopic progressive tense fungi on the surface of the hyphae secrete a ill-chosen substance that sticks to the protozoa, rotifers, small insects and other animals. much than 50 species of this class are caught in a sweet of nematodes snare. When the victim hyphae form loops that rapidly swell, cowering like a noose, when the worm crawls on their national surface. It appears that stimulation of the fungal cell wall causes an increase in its amount of osmotically active substance, which leads to aspiration of water and change magnitude its turgor. '